Simplified method of deformation prediction for excavations retained by embedded walls in Shanghai soft soil

Deformation prediction of excavations is one of the core contents in analyzing their effect on environment. 65 case histories of excavations retained by embedded walls in Shanghai are collected and divided into different groups. Plane strain finite element models are set up to simulate the construction procedures of excavations retained by embedded walls of different groups. The parameters of HS-Small model for Shanghai typical soil layers are got from laboratory tests and back analysis. The simplified calculation formulas considering system stiffness, excavation depth, excavation width for the maximum lateral deformation of embedded walls and the maximum ground surface settlement are deduced by normalizing 108 FEM results. The lateral deformation profile of embedded walls and the ground surface settlement profile behind the embedded walls are provided. The procedure of adopting the simplified analysis method is also illustrated. Comparison of the monitored deformations of 7 case histories and predicted deformations using the simplified analysis method reveals that the proposed simplified method is suitable for analyzing deformation of deep excavations in Shanghai.