Ground settlement induced by excavation of pile-anchor retainingfoundation pits in soil-rock mixed areas

Taking a typical pile-anchor retaining deep foundation pit in Qingdao soil-rock area as an example and by using the finite element numerical simulation, the surface settlement characteristics induced by excavation are investigated under different conditions such as soil thickness, anchor layout, socket depth of retaining pile in rock, rock layers and excavation methods. For the ground surface settlement curve, insertion ratio of pile in rock, settlement influence zone and relation between the surface settlement and the pile displacement, some conclusions are drawn, and they may be helpful for similar projects.