Centrifuge modeling of ground loss and settlement caused by shield tunnelling in soft ground

Recently, a large number of shield tunnels were built in the areas with dense buildings and protected buildings and those vulnerable to ground deformation, thus predicting and controlling the surface settlement induced by shield tunnelling has become a serious problem to be addressed. Since ground loss during the construction process of shield tunnels is one of the main factors causing the surface settlement, its effects are simulated using centrifugal model tests, and the relations between the rate of ground loss and surface settlement are studied during the construction and post-construction periods. The longitudinal behaviours of the tunnels are also studied by measuring and analyzing their longitudinal settlement, stress and strain, and surrounding earth pressure.