Strain localization of sand based on a state-dependent critical state model

Aiming at the limitation of traditional constitutive theories which could not explain the decrease of inclination angle of shear bands correctly when confining pressure increased,a state-dependent critical state model was employed to analyze strain localization of sands.Firstly,the sand model proposed by Pietruszczak et al was developed based on the concept of the state-dependent critical state for sands.The critical state formulation and model parameters were then calibrated through available drained triaxial test results of Hostun sand.Finally,an analysis of strain localization was performed on the drained plane strain tests of Hostun sand.It was shown that the state-dependent critical state model was capable of simulating the effect of the initial state on strain localization,especially the effect of the initial effective confining pressure on the inclination angle of shear bands.