Analysis of settlement and internal forces of group pile due to tunneling

A simple analytical two-stages method for determining the settlement and internal forces of group pile caused by tunneling was present here.The Loganathan analytical solution was used to estimate the free soil settlement induced by tunneling in the first stage.In the second stage,composing the soil movement to the pile,the settlement governing equilibrium equation of single pile was built up based on Winkler model.Then the shielding effect due to pile-pile interaction of passive group pile was computed using integral method.Finally the response of passive group pile due to tunneling was obtained.The obtained result was compared with that from FEM and BEM,and good agreement was obtained.