The 3D images of geotechnical constitutive models in the stress space

The visualization of three dimensions (3D) for geotechnical constitutive models plays an important role in mastering the theory of constitutive models entirely. However, the current 3D images provided biny various literatures are either imprecise or unsystematic. So far as the author knows, few has been engaged in the representation of 3D for constitutive models, thereby on the base of outlining the current constitutive theories, this paper provides the 3D images of most common geotechnical constitutive models by computers, some of which have never appeared in published papers. These images can promote the development of constitutive theory.