Model tests and bearing characteristics of tunnels under semi-inlaid mudstone and semi-loess

The entrance and exit of a tunnel usually appear in the side slope of a mountain, so the tunnel has a kind of the inevitable existence embedded in soft rock and overlying soil. In view of this, the tunnel may be vulnerable to the threat of landslide disasters. It is of great theoretical and engineering significance to study the bearing characteristics of tunnel linings under semi-mudstone and semi-loess. Based on the model test device which has realized the non-uniform lateral loading on the slope, the model tests are carried out under semi-mudstone and semi-loess, and the corresponding bearing characteristics of tunnel linings are evaluated under the neighboring landslide. The results show that the partial pressure characteristics of bending moment of the tunnel linings are effectively revealed. The movement of potential sliding surface reduces the mechanical characteristics of the tunnel linings, which increases the peak bending moment of the tunnel linings by 43.23% and causes a certain displacement at the position of the tunnel linings.