3D numerical analysis and evaluation of the influence of tunneling on frame buildings

Buildings on the ground surface are inevitably influenced by tunneling. This paper presents the results of a 3-D numerical analysis on the deformation of a frame structure induced by tunneling using small-strain stiffness model for soils. The numerical results are compared with those predicted by the Burland method and the modified Boone method. The comparison demonstrates that the predicted results of Burland method are not reliable in some cases, and may seriously underestimate the deformation of frame buildings.