Abstract: In order to investigate the damage deformation characteristics of landfill containing drainage layer and liners under earthquake, a large shaking table test of landfill slope containing drainage layer and liners is carried out in this paper, and an energy identification method based on Hilbert-Huang (HHT) and marginal spectrum is proposed based on the dynamic response law of acceleration at each part of the landfill. The method can be used to identify the overall damage and local damage of the landfill, and the effectiveness of the method is discussed based on the measured displacement. The test results show that at the peak seismic intensity of 0.3g, the peak positive displacement at the foot of the slope and the peak negative displacement in the slope change abruptly; the PSHEA increases with height, and the Hilbert energy of municipal solid waste layer is larger than that of the liners and the drainage layer; at the peak acceleration of the input wave of 0.3g and 0.4g, the shear strength of the drainage liner is low, the interface of partially and fully degraded municipal solid waste is trapped, the PMSA change abruptly, and the energy transfer is abnormal. The damage of landfill under earthquake is mainly divided into three stages: 0.1-0.2g without damage stage, 0.3-0.4g local damage stage, the damage starts from the drainage layer and liner system at the inner slope corner, and 0.5g overall damage stage of landfill slope into plastic change. Under 0.3gTaft, the drainage layer and liners slip first and the interface of partially and fully degraded municipal solid waste is damaged at the peak moment. The research results can provide a reference basis for the prediction of landfill deformation damage under earthquake and the design of landfill seismic mitigation technology.