Abstract: The pore free water contained in the aeolian soil particles will freeze under the negative temperature in winter. In order to study the dynamic damage mechanism and characteristics of frozen aeolian soil under dynamic load, triaxial loading tests on frozen soil samples under different conditions are carried out by using the GDS frozen soil triaxial test system. The dynamic stress-strain curves under different conditions are obtained, and the effective stress analysis method is used to determine the damage effective stress and cumulative plastic deformation. The mathematical relationship between damage evolution rate and damage release rate is established by using the Helmholtz free energy as the plastic potential function, and the damage evolution model is established according to the linear assumption between plastic potential function and cumulative plastic deformation rate. The parameters of the model are fitted by the proposed effective stress analysis method. The results show that the calculated results of the model are in agreement with the calculated ones of damage model in related literatures. It is concluded that the dynamic damage of frozen aeolian soil is mainly caused by plastic damage initially, while fatigue damage later. By comparing the two damage development processes, the initial damage to the frozen soil and the threshold of plastic damage under each condition are determined. It may provide the theoretical basis for dynamic disaster prevention and control of frozen aeolian roadbed.