Abstract: Based on the results of loading test in an engineering project, the failurs of socketed small piles without overburden is analyzed, aad the influence of soft cushion on its bearing capacity is studied. A method for reducing or eliminating the influence of the soft cushion is proposed and the criterion for determining the bearing capacity of piles is investigated. It is suggested that the ratio (ε) of settlement to socketed depth may be used as a critical index, and the load on top of pile corresponding to e is treated as allowable bearing capacity Pa of pile.