利用光干涉原理的岩石长期蠕变试验
Experimental Method on Long-term Creep of Rock by Making Use of Interference Fringes of Light
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摘要: 为了弄清楚岩石的蠕变性,需要连续进行某种长达数十年的试验。本文介绍此种试验方法之一。试件加工成20cm长的梁,并高度磨光其上表面,把它弯成向上凸,其最大弯曲应力宜为20bar或稍小一些。当观测时,把一块光学平板放在磨光的面上使产生单色光的干涉条纹,对干涉条纹进行分析,就可确定上表面的轮廓。试件的挠度应减小到观测时的轮廓与弯曲前已确定了的初始轮廓之间的差值。如此继续进行试件的挠度观测,就可绘制出蠕变曲线。根据作者的经验,文中叙述了应用上述方法必须注意的事项和可能遇到的问题,并举了一些具体的例子。 弯曲试验有着能比较容易地探测变形的优点,缺点是应力状态不象压缩或拉伸试验那样简单。但在文章的最后部分,作者给出了在屈服应力等于零时,由弯曲试验得到的蠕变曲线与由压缩或拉伸试验得到的蠕变曲线不相上下,并且从熊谷(Kumagai)和伊藤的长达23年以上的蠕变试验,得出了重要结论,就是岩石没有屈服应力。Abstract: To clarify the creep of rocks,it would be necessary to continue an experiment over several ten years. One of such experimental methods is introduced in this paper. A test-piece is shaped into a beam of about 20 cm length and its upper surface is highly polished. The test-piece is bent convex upwards; on that occasion one had better plan the maximum bending stress to be about 20 bar or less. While making a measurement, an optical flat is set above the polished surface to produce interference fringes of monochromatic light. From an analysis of the interference fringes, one can determine the profile of the upper surface.A bending of the test-piece should be reduced to a difference between the profile at the measurement and the initial profile which was determined before bending.Thus continuing the regular measurements of the bending curves of the test-piece, one could construct a creep curve. The necessary care to be taken and the problems encountered on applying the above method are mentioned,based on the author's experiences,and some concrete examples are shown.A bending test has a merit that detection of deformation is relatively easy and a demerit that a stress state is not simple as compared with a compression or tension test. In the last part, however, the author shows that the creep curve obtained by the bending test is comparable with the creep curve obtained by the compression or tension test, ifyield stress is zero. And he draws the important conclusion, from Kumagai and lto's creep experiment over 23 years, that rock does not have the yield stress.