土石坝心墙水力劈裂的非饱和土固结方法研究
Consolidation method of unsaturated soils for hydraulic fracturing of core walls of rock-fill dams
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摘要: 针对土石坝心墙土在初次蓄水前为饱和度高于80%的非饱和土,提出了研究心墙水力劈裂问题的非饱和土固结简化计算的有效应力分析方法。该方法不仅可反映孔隙中气体对水压上升的影响,还可合理分析心墙土的渗透性、初始饱和度和蓄水速度等心墙水力劈裂的影响因素。以糯扎渡堆石坝为例,研究发现:填筑竣工时,尽管心墙中部水压很高,但心墙仍处于非饱和状态;初次蓄水时,上游水压力不能及时渗入心墙内部,形成了心墙内外的水压力突变,可导致心墙水力劈裂的发生。同时研究发现:提高心墙的渗透系数、提高心墙填筑土的初始饱和度、在初次蓄水时,放慢蓄水速度等均可防止心墙水力劈裂的发生。因此非饱和土固结简化计算的有效应力方法分析水力劈裂问题是合理的,它可为实际心墙土石坝预防水力劈裂问题提供科学依据,并可进一步提高土石坝设计水平。Abstract: A new simplified method of consolidation theory of unsaturated soils is put forward to study the hydraulic fracturing of core walls of rock-fill dams with the degree of saturation of the soils higher than 80%.The method can reflect the interaction between the pore-air pressure and the pore-water pressure,and can also study three influence factors for hydraulic fracturing: the permeability of core soils,the initial degree of saturation of core soils,and the rising speed of reservoir water levels....
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