Abstract: The research status of explosive energy and explosion cavity in rock blasting is analyzed. The computation models of independent development based on the rigid block discrete element method are introduced, including deformed block model, multi-scale model and explosion source. The improved numerical model is suitable for studying the explosion effects in the near-source region. The pressure of explosion cavity and distribution of explosive energy in rock blasting are simulated. According to the simulated results, the pulsation feature of pressure in explosion cavity is obtained. It is pointed out that the rock structure in the near-source region has the little effect on the pulsation pressure in explosion cavity, and that the pressure peak in explosion cavity has nothing to do with the explosive charge. On such a basis, the theory of thermodynamics and elastic mechanics is used to analyze the distribution rules of explosive energy. The influences induced by the failure of rock mass on the distribution of explosive energy are discussed. Finally, the proportion of energy used to fracture rock, deform rock and throw rock block is proposed.