离心模型试验中离心加速度取值误差探讨
Discussion on error of centrifugal acceleration in centrifugal model tests
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摘要: 离心力场具有离心力随旋转半径分布不均匀的特点,如果令模型高2/3处的应力与原型一致时,模型中的应力与原型中的应力误差达到最小。试验在模型地基中的影响深度是有限的,应在此范围(最大影响深度)内考虑模型中应力与原型中应力的误差问题。因此,使模型中应力与原型中应力的误差达到最小的条件,应该是令最大影响深度2/3处而不应是模型高2/3处的应力与原型一致。模型高度考虑了边界效应,其值应大于最大影响深度。主要讨论了最大影响深度与模型高度的不同对离心加速度、相似比及模型中应力影响的程度,并且提出对试验前根据模型高度初步确定的相似比进行修正的方法。Abstract: The centrifugal force distributes non-uniformly with radius in centrifugal field. If the stress is set in two thirds height of a model according to the prototype, the error between the stresses of prototype and model can become minimum. The influence depth of model foundation is limited. So the error between stresses of prototypes and models should be considered in this range (the maximum influence depth). Therefore the condition which makes the minimum error between prototypes and models is to set the two thirds maximum influence depth rather than two thirds height of the model. The model height is inconsistent with the maximum influence depth for avoiding boundary effects. Its value is greater. The influences of centrifugal acceleration, similarity ratio and stress are discussed. The modified method of the similarity ratio determined before tests according to the model height is also introduced.