大厚度自重湿陷性黄土中灌注桩承载性状与负摩阻力的试验研究
Research on bearing behaviors and negative friction force for filling piles in the site of collapsible loess with big thickness
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摘要: 结合国家重点工程建设项目宁夏扶贫扬黄灌溉工程,在自重湿陷性黄土厚度大于35 m的场地上进行了挖孔灌注桩(桩径为0.8 m,桩长为40 m,浸水坑直径为30 m)的大型现场载荷–浸水试验。设置了4种类型的试桩(无摩擦桩、空底桩、摩擦端承桩和悬吊桩),采用了多种测试方法(钢筋应力计、滑动测微计等)。研究结果表明:空底桩和悬吊桩在长度比湿陷性黄土层厚度小许多时,所测得的正、负摩阻力数值偏小,穿透整个湿陷性黄土层的摩擦端承试桩所得结果比较符和实际;实测负摩阻力远高于黄土规范建议的负摩阻力值,且负摩阻力的数值与场地的湿陷类型、湿陷量的大小无明确对应关系;桩土相互作用能减小场地的湿陷变形量。对黄土中几个大型工程的现场灌注桩试验资料分析发现,中性点位置超出了建筑桩基技术规范提供的参考值范围。本文的研究成果可供今后类似场地的灌注桩的设计及修订黄土规范参考。Abstract: Large scale field tests of filling piles were performed in a collapsible loess site with a thickness of 35m under natural content and immersion states.The diameter and length of test piles were 0.8 m and 40 m,respectively.4 types of test piles were designed and several measuring methods were adopted.It was shown by test results that the positive frictional resistance measured from pile ZH2 and the negative frictional resistance measured from pile ZH5 were smaller than those measured from pile ZH3 and pile ZH4;The negative frictional resistance measured from test piles was far greater than the numerical value recommended by ? Code for Building Construction in Collapsible Loess Regions ?(GB50025-2004);The locations of neutral points measured from several pile tests in-situ exceeded the range proposed by ?Technical Code for Building Pile Foundations ?(JGJ 94-94);The collapsible settlement of loess could be decreased with pile group.The results obtained in this paper might be useful for the similar project and to revise GB50025-2004 and Code JGJ 94-94.