Abstract: Environmental Geotechnology is an interdisciplinary science which mainly covers the environmental problems of engineering geology, soil & rock mechanics and environment engineering. In this paper the basic concepts, characters, rough classifications and connotation of science are discussed.Urban environmental geotechnology as the main body of the environmental geotechnology, the concepts of two environmental problems, i. e. geotechnique problems of pollution & ecological deterioration and problems of two types of hanging river, and the tendency & prospect of the science in China are also discussed in this paper.