Abstract: The thermal probe method is used to determine the thermal conductivity of calcareous sands with different water contents. Then the Johansen model and Chen model are selected to predict the thermal conductivity of calcareous sands, and the model parameters are modified by combining with the experimentally measured values to find a suitable prediction model to effectively simulate the thermal conductivity of calcareous sands. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity of calcareous sands shows a linear increasing trend with the increase of water content, and the predicted results by the Johansen model and Chen model both have large deviations from the measured values. The predicted values by the improved Johansen model and Chen model both fit better with the measured values, and they can be used to predict the thermal conductivity of calcareous sands with high accuracy.