Abstract: Nowadays, the construction scale of shield tunnels is getting larger and larger, and the strata crossed by the tunnels are complicated and changeable, so it is often difficult to meet the requirements of tunnel safety and durability by using the single-layer tube lining structure, and thus the double-layer lining structure has been more widely concerned. In order to explore the applicability of the double-layer lining structure of shield tunnels in different strata, relying on the Shiziyang Tunnel Project on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen High-speed Railway, the change rules of the mechanical properties of the double-layer lining structure under different strata conditions are comparatively analyzed with the lateral pressure coefficient (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8) as an index through the similar model tests. The test results show that the lateral pressure coefficient of the strata increases, the double-layer lining as a whole tends to be more hydrostatic pressure field state, the limit axial forces of the segmental lining and secondary lining increase, and the critical point of elasticity and plasticity and the mutation point of internal force delay. When the lateral pressure coefficient increases from 0.5 to 0.8, the ultimate bearing capacity of the double-layer lining increases by 66.39%, the maximum radial displacement decreases from 15.17 to 9.45 mm, the lateral displacement of the segmental lining is limited, and the secondary lining contribute to the improvement of the bearing capacity of segmental lining. The degree of crack development of segmental lining under high lateral pressure of strata decreases, the phenomenon of localized falling block is reduced, and the reliability of the overall structure of the double-layer lining is improved.