Abstract: The long-distance water delivery is the important measure to solve the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and to ensure the major strategic layout of the national water resources in China, and it is worthy of the name lifeline project Water delivery canals in Northwest China face the Most harsh natural conditions such as extreme cold, abnormal drought and complex geological environment, which may result in frequent disasters such as frost heave, water swelling and salt swelling. Accordingly, the watersupply efficiency of the canals is affected and their operational safety is threatened, which greatly hinders the sustainable development of the local society and economy. The National Key Research and Development Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period "Long-distance water supply engineering capacity improvement and safety assurance technology in alpine regions" was implemented. Based on the large water supply canal inNorthern Xinjiang, the program aims at the efficient utilization of water resources to ensure the safety of water supply and to realize the disaster prevention and Mitigation. After the joint researches for nearly four years, a series of innovations were achieved in the deterioration mechanism of water delivery canals in cold regions, the upgrading and transformation technology of canal anti-freezing, the control technology of low-temperature operation of canals, and the safety guarantee and risk prevention and control technology of canals cold in alpine regions. The relevant achievements have been widely used in large-scale water supply projects in Northern Xinjiang, and have achieved significant social, economic and environmental benefits, with broad application prospects and great significance.