Abstract: In order to ensure the safety of people's lives and properties and the sustainable development of the national social and economic security in China, it is a major trend required by the development of the country and industry to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages when dealing with natural disasters, and to maximize the use of the infinite power of nature to benefit the people while reducing disaster losses. The National Key R & D Program of China "Research and development of guarantee technologies and equipments for dangerous situation disposal and utilization of barrier dams" aims at the challenges of the major scientific and technological problems, and multiple levels of work are carried out in this research program, such as mechanism disclosure, basic theory, equipment development, technology integration, application studies and application demonstration. The innovative achievements with industrial characteristics in the new era have been made in terms of the evolution process of dangerous situations of barrier dams, the evolution mechanism of long-term working behaviors, the development and utilization theory and the comprehensive treatment technologies. The important theoretical basis and advanced technical support can be provided for the disposal of barrier dam hazards, the construction of development and utilization projects and the long-term safe operation. The research achievements ensure that the development and utilization of the barrier dams can fully play the role of eliminating dangers of flood control disasters in the upstream and downstream of the barrier lakes, improving the local water supply and irrigation conditions, eliminating harm and promoting profits, with significant social and economic benefits.