高湿环境平行双裂隙砂岩单轴压缩破坏及裂纹扩展特性
Uniaxial compression damage and crack propagation features of parallel double-fissure sandstones under high-humidity environments
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摘要: 深部裂隙矿柱长期受高湿环境中水分子所侵蚀,其化学动力过程与矿房稳定性及控制地表沉降密切相关。对预制平行双裂隙标准砂岩试样进行了单轴压缩试验,研究高湿对裂隙砂岩强度变形特性、裂纹演化以及破坏模式的影响,结合电镜扫描和XRD衍射,分析了试件在高湿环境水化作用前后的微细观结构变化和质量损失特征。结果表明:①试样结构疏松程度与湿度成正相关,湿度升高,试样表观致密结构变得松散并伴有次生孔隙发育,形成模糊的层间界面,且微裂隙数目增加,质量损失率加剧。②裂隙砂岩在单轴压缩下主要有拉伸破坏,剪切破坏和二者混合型破坏。裂纹萌生的类型主要有翼形裂纹、反抗拉裂纹以及共面/非共面次级裂纹。其裂纹扩展及破坏模式受控于湿度,随着湿度升高,裂纹起裂应力和贯通应力降低,宏观裂纹发育的整体数量呈下降趋势,且其破坏模式由剪切破坏过渡到拉伸破坏。③高湿环境对裂隙砂岩产生水岩化学作用,减弱了裂隙结构面以及矿物颗粒间的摩擦作用,降低了其峰值强度,峰值应变和弹性模量,提高了泊松比,加速了裂隙砂岩的破坏。Abstract: Fractured pillars are eroded by gaseous water under high-humidity environments, and their hydro-chemical processes are closely related to the stability of the mineroom and ground subsidence. The uniaxial compression tests are carried out on standard sandstones with prefabricated parallel double-fissure to analyze the effects of high humidity on the strength-deformation properties, crack evolution and damage modes. By using the electron microscopy scanning and XRD diffraction, the microstructural changes and mass loss characteristics are analyzed before and after hydration. The results show that: (1) The higher humidity causes the structure to loosen more, the interlayer demarcation gets blurred, the number of microcracks grows and the rate of mass loss improves. (2) The damage modes contain tensile, shear and mixed tensile/shear damages. The crack growth includes in 4 types: wing cracks, tensile resistance cracks, and coplanar/non-coplanar secondary cracks. The crack propagation and damage modes are controlled by humidity. As the humidity increases, the crack initiation and penetration stresses drop, the number of cracks sprouting macroscopically reduces and the failure mode changes from shear to tensile failure. (3) The High-humidity condition produces water-rock chemical effects on fractured sandstones, weakening the structural surface of the cracks and the friction between the mineral particles, reducing the peak strength, peak strain and elastic modulus, increasing the Poisson's ratio and accelerating the destruction.