金塘海峡海床地震反应特征的二维非线性分析
Two-dimensional nonlinear seismic response analysis for seabed site effect assessment in Jintang Strait
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摘要: 确保强地震作用时海岸及近海工程的安全是一项重大的工程挑战。利用金塘海峡海底隧道地质勘探数据,建立海床剖面二维精细化有限元模型,依据场址区域地震动活动构造背景和历史地震记录,选取两次强地震的井下基岩记录作为基岩输入地震动,考虑海床土空间分布不均性和非线性特性,采用并行算法模拟不同地震动水平下的深厚海床场地地震反应。该海床场地对地震动低于1 Hz的低频分量和10 Hz以上的高频分量分别有显著的放大和滤波作用;随着基岩地震动水平增大,海床地表加速度传递函数值逐渐减小,其卓越频带向低频方向移动;海床地表峰值加速度放大系数较之一般陆域场地的明显要小;海床地表谱加速度β谱特性和累积绝对速度CAV主要受基岩地震动特性和海床局部场地条件的影响。相比于仅有水平向地震作用,水平向和竖向基岩地震动的耦合作用对该海床场地的设计地震动参数有显著的不利影响。依据现行的抗震规范确定该海床场地的设计地震动参数可能偏于不安全。Abstract: Ensuring the safety of coastal and offshore projects subjected to strong earthquakes is a major engineering challenge. A two-dimensional nonuniform gridding and fine finite element model for the seabed cross-section site in Jintang Strait is established using the geological and geotechnical exploration data. According to the regional tectonic setting and historical seismicity around the undersea tunnel site, the downhole array bedrock records during two strong earthquakes are selected as the input bedrock motions, the spatial inhomogeneous variation, nonlinear and hysteretic behaviors of the seabed soil are considered, and the site responses of the seabed deep deposits under various earthquake levels are simulated using the parallel method. The significant amplification and filtering effects of seismic propagation for the low-frequency components below 1 Hz and the high-frequency components higher than 10 Hz of the bedrock motions are observed in the site responses. With the increase of bedrock motion levels, the values of acceleration transfer function of the seabed site decrease, and the predominant frequencies of the seabed site response tend to be lower. The peak acceleration amplification factors of the seabed surface are obviously lower than those of the general land sites. The 5% damping spectral acceleration spectra and the cumulative absolute velocity at the seabed surface are significantly affected by the bedrock motion characteristics and seabed local site conditions. The coupled horizontal and vertical bedrock motions exhibit a substantial negative influence on the design ground motion parameters of the seabed site, compared to those in the cases of only the horizontal bedrock shaking. The determination of the design ground motion parameters of the seabed site based on the current seismic code may be unsafe.