Abstract: The 13^rd National Academic Congress on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering clearly regards humanity as one of the four important qualities of geotechnical engineering. The humanistic quality emphasizes that the project bears different characteristics of human civilization and regional culture. In order to inherit and carry forward China's profound cultural accumulation in the field of geotechnical engineering, the authors and their team began to conduct researches on ancient underground space in 2014. Seven typical ancient underground points with different functions and different development levels in different areas in China are investigated and studied. Various kinds of geological hazards that they may face are analyzed and classified. Finally, the development index is put forward from the influences of the development on the ancient underground space. In order to better protect and develop the ancient underground space, the direction for the improvement of the human quality of the development of contemporary underground space is proposed.