Abstract: The mineral composition and microstructures of mica quartz schist determine its anisotropic characteristics. The mineral composition and microstructural characteristics of mica quartz schist are obtained by using the casting abrasive test and the scanning electron microscopy. Through the triaxial shear tests, the mechanical parameters of foliation surface of slightly weathered rock samples are obtained. Through the point load tests on strongly weathered and moderately weathered rock blocks, combined with the shear tests on foliation surface of strongly weathered rock samples, the mechanical parameters of schistose plane of strong weathering and medium weathering rock samples are obtained. According to the theory of material mechanics, the minimum uniaxial compressive strength of the rock samples is obtained by calculating the mechanical parameters of foliation surface, and then the anisotropic coefficient of the rock samples is calculated. Based on the compressive strength of vertical foliation surface, the weathering coefficient of the rock samples is calculated, and the relationship between the anisotropy coefficient and the weathering coefficient of the rock samples is summarized, and the variation laws of mechanical characteristics of foliation surface in weathering process are revealed.