Abstract: As one of composition materials (asphalt, aggregate, mineral powder) for hydraulic asphalt concrete, the mineral powder has a messy process of manufacture. Comparatively, the cement is easily processed and available for purchase. The mineral powder is replaced by the cement for the above reasons. The long-term deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete comprised with the mineral powder or cement are studied by using the laboratory triaxial rheological tests. The results show that the axial strains and creep indexes of asphalt concrete specimens comprised with the cement are slightly smaller than those comprised with the mineral powder, and the difference between them is much small. Consequently, the replacement of mineral powder by cement can improve the long-term deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete, simplify the manufacture processes, and reduce the engineering cost.